Thursday, February 26, 2015

Introduction to the Book of Joshua by David O. Cofield

Introduction to the Book of Joshua

I am beginning a new series of sermons based in the book of Joshua.  As I do, it is always helpful to become familiar with some of the basic information concerning the book. 

Place of the Book

The book of Joshua is considered to be in the "Historical Books" of the Old Testament.  Joshua along with Judges, Samuel and Kings are referred to as "the Former Prophets."  This suggests these books are primarily theological in nature.

It is the first in the Bible to be called by the name of an individual.  Thus denoting the record of this book exclusively relates to the events of the history of Israel during the life and times of the man for whom it’s named.

Joshua is to the first five books of Moses what Acts is to the four gospels. It is "the completion" of what was started by someone else.

Arthur Pink says the book of Joshua uniquely bridges Israel "as the end of Israel's trials and wanderings in the wilderness, and the beginning of their new life in the land." 

Author of the Book

While the name of the book bears the name of Joshua, there is little internal evidence in the book of who the author is.  Yet it is not like Ezra and Nehemiah who expressingly declare themselves as authors and nothing in either book invalidates the claim.

Jewish tradition generally ascribes the book to Joshua and nothing from the bulk of the book would cause us suspicion of any other. 

23:26 "Then Joshua wrote these words in the Book of the Law of God.  And he took a large stone, and set it up there under the oak that was by the sanctuary of the Lord."

We know from this verse Joshua wrote the details of the covenant (verse 23) between God and the people made at Shechem.  But this one lone verse can not be extended to cover all of the previous writings to be claimed by Joshua. 

8:32 "And there, in the presence of the children of Israel, he wrote on the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he had written."

Again, this was Joshua writing the law of Moses.  It is not a reference to Joshua having written all of the book.

We know the last part of chapter 24 relating his death could not have been written by Joshua. 

Joshua 19:47 records the taking of Leshem (Laish) by the tribe of Dan.  If this record is of the same event (and most believe it is) of Judges 18:27-29, then this occurred after the death of Joshua.  This addition to Joshua's book has been attributed to Eleazar, Samuel, or even Isaiah or Ezra.

Dr. Lightfoot writes Phinehas wrote the book.  Others believe Eleazer was it's author.  What we do know it was written by the primary person, an eyewitness to the events alongside of the primary person or one reading from the collection of the writings of the primary person.

The divine authorship of the book is not questioned due to our firm lack of knowledge of who its author is.  God through the Holy Spirit wrote the book perfectly choosing whomever He wished granting us a perfect revelation of Himself and a "peek" into the history of His people as it relates to the overall pattern of redemption.

Date of the Writing 

The book seems to have been written either during the life of Joshua or soon thereafter. 

5:9 - "to this day" (NKJV)      6:25 - "to this day" (NKJV)
15:63 - "to this day" (NKJV)  16:10 - "to this day" (NKJV)

Because of these phrases, Avravanel attributed it to Samuel.

The division of the land (13-21) shows evidence of being recorded at the time of the actual events.  See 13:7, 19:51

The book covers a period of time of about 26-27 years, according to George Bush. 


Message

In the series of messages, I will seek to show how the book of Joshua is "The Gospel of Joshua."  I will not approach this book as one of exemplary leadership (though it is) and certainly not as the people of God entering Heaven, though some wrongly have tried to do so.

It is about the Gospel. Joshua saves God's people just as Jesus saves us.

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